The Last Word, ch. 5-7

Chapter 5 - Nagel applies similar arguments to the discipline of science. Defending a priori knowledge, but acknowledging the lack of certainty we possess, Nagel navigates this topic with epistemic humility. Expressed most clearly in this chapter is the idea that we have a subjective perspective on objective truth. He takes on a pretty big foe in Kant, but does so successfully.

Chapter 6 - I was very excited to see Nagel defend the objectivity of ethics. He takes on Hume in this chapter. I could not help but feel that he has too much confidence in human reason. Reason is an excellent tool, but falls short if not coupled with a view of God (which he admittedly rejects). He makes the significant argument that our decisions are based on choice (taking on free will) rather than mere impulse. This has significance for areas of morality like in religion and psychology.

Chapter 7 - I have to admit that I did not expect a chapter like this to be included in the book. However, my excitement was met with Nagel going a very different direction. In easily the most vulnerable chapter, Nagel admits his own fears of religion and the existence of God. He seems to be very uncomfortable with the idea of God, but intellectually admits the limits of naturalism to give us any answers at all. He takes his arguments a step further by demonstrating what would need to be known in order to maintain a naturalist perspective (which cannot be provided).