Arguments for the Existence of God Part Three - Morality
Morality
“If God does not exist, everything is permissible” Ivan Karamazov and Jean-Paul Sartre
“God is dead” Friedrich Nietzche
Most of the facts that you encounter are about the way the world is. Thes are facts like the capitol of Missouri, and that four quarters equal a dollar, and so on. Moral facts are not like that. The fact that we ought to do something about the problem of homelessness is not a fact about the way the world is, but a fact about the way the world ought to be. There is nothing out there that makes a moral fact true because moral facts are not descriptive of a real thing, but prescriptive of a change to be made to things that already exist. Moral facts are like commands in that sense. They are intended to bring about a result that is not already present.
Similarly, there are things in this world that cannot exist without something else existing with them. There cannot be something carried unless there is something else carrying it. There can’t be something that is popular unless there are lots of people that like it. Commands are like this, they cannot exist unless something else commands them. The moral argument shows that if there is a command, there must be a commander.
Moral commands are such that they over-ride anything else. If you know that it is right to give money to a charity, but would like to buy something for yourself, while it might be in your best interest to buy and not give, morally you know you ought to give. You can make a decision one way or the other, but you know what you ought to do.
Commands are also only as good as the authority who issues them. If I say that you should pay extra taxes on things that you buy so that we can have better education in schools, you and no one else would do it because I have no authority. However, if the governing authorities decree it, we would have to by law. Those who do not would face a consequence. Without the consequence, the governing powers would have little power.
Without God, only men create and issue morals. If there is no god, there are no morals. If there are morals, but no god, then a man created them and we don’t really need to obey them. Why? Because they are no better than the morals we create for ourselves. Nietzche, as I said above, claimed god was dead. As a result, he concluded that there is no right or wrong, just the will to power, meaning the power to punish those who don’t listen to what you say. That is the only way anyone should believe you if there is no god.
But doesn’t it seem some things are right, even without a consequence you must suffer? Everyone would agree that there is a generally agreed upon morality across all cultures. If not, then why isn’t murdering ok in some cultures. C.S. Lewis said, “I need only ask the reader to think what a totally different morality would mean. Think of a country where people were admired for running away in battle, or where a man felt proud of double-crossing all the people who had been kindest to him. You might just as well try to imagine a country where two and two made five”.
The truth is that we all accept an objective morality, but some wish not to own up. If you do not believe in God, then you ought not believe that what Hitler did was wrong, that child molestation should be illegal, and that having your car stolen is an injustice. Who are we to say it is wrong if there is no real authority issuing the command. It is just mere men choosing that which they think is right. Morality is real and true. People may sometimes get them wrong just like they get a sum incorrect in math class, but they are not a matter of taste and opinion any more than the answers to a math quiz.
There can be no moral command without a moral commander. If man is that commander, even a large group of men, then we should flee there rule and live as we please. However, because so many people have agreed on many things that are moral, then we should think that there is a greater commander than any man.
2 Comments:
The evolutionist would say that these moral truths are a result of what is best for society, not the individual. The society which followed our moral imperatives would, as a whole, prosper and reproduce more effectively than an amoral group of humans. Thus morals are a survival trait.
Well, the evolutionist is wrong!!!! Just kidding. I'm not one of THOSE Christians (I hope you are catching this humor, otherwise I sound like a real jerk). Anywho, there is a really dangerous, but necessary conclusion for making this claim. Survival trait becomes very subjective. In fact, without a set morality (set by God, in otherwords) Nietzsche said that the only thing we have is the will to power. In other words, one group of people's ability to exert influence over others. Now, this doesn't seem totally dangerous if used by men who are looking out for other members of society. But Hitler tested theory out. It was Nietzsche's book "Thus Spake Zarathustra" that he gave to his fellow power exerters before the holocaust. He was living out this idea. He genuinely believed this was best for the human race. Darwin's "Origen of Species" is based on the idea that the 'favored races' would be preserved (see the subtitle to the book). This brings up another dilemma: What is progress? What is moral? What is 'better' for society? We only have subjective opinions about what that means. We can gawk at Hitler and say he is wrong, but when it is all boiled down, who's to say? We can shake our fist at the child molester and call him an evil man, but if there is no standard of morality given by god, why is our morality better than his? Because the majority rules? Because of the majorities 'will to power'? We like will to power when it works in our favor, but when people like child molesters and Hitlers reduce it to it's absurdity, it becomes uncomfortable.
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